PCIe規格を理解する PCIe 3.0からPCIe 5.0まで
PCIe（Peripheral Component Interconnect Express）規格は、PCIe 3.0から7年後の2017年に導入されたPCIe 4.0を重要なマイルストーンとして、その発足以来大きな進歩を遂げてきた。この新規格はデータ転送能力の目覚ましい飛躍を示し、転送速度を8GT/秒（ギガ転送/秒）から16GT/秒に倍増させた。この増加は、デバイスの性能を向上させるだけでなく、ソフトウェア・プロトコル、クロック・アーキテクチャ、および機械的インターフェイスを含む前世代との完全な互換性を維持することを保証します。
PCIe 4.0の最も注目すべき点の1つは、PCIe 3.0との高度な互換性を維持するための取り組みです。どちらの規格も同じエンコーディング方式、具体的には128/130ビット・エンコーディングを利用しています。この類似性により、メーカーは既存の設計やインフラを活用することができ、大規模な再設計の必要性を最小限に抑えることができます。しかし、PCIe 4.0への移行に課題がないわけではなく、特にデータ・レートの増加に伴うシグナル・インテグリティに関する課題があります。
デバイスがより高い周波数でデータを送信するようになると、同じ通信チャネル上でそれを行います。この移行により、電気経路で発生する抵抗が大きくなり、挿入損失や減衰などの現象が発生する可能性があります。これらの問題の影響は、周波数が高くなるほど顕著になります。PCIe 4.0に関連する信号は、16GT/sの場合、プリント回路基板（PDP）に最も一般的な材料であるFR4チャネルで伝送されると、著しい減衰を示します。
を伝送すると、PCIe 4.0に関連する信号は大幅に減衰します。この信号損失の増加により、設計がこれらの高速で確実にデータを伝送できることを保証するための追加テスト対策が必要となります。
PCIe 4.0仕様には、チャネルの範囲を拡大するように設計されたタイマー・セクションが組み込まれ ていますが、同時にシステム・テストの複雑さも増しています。このように複雑さが増しているにもかかわらず、PCIe 3.0に必要なテストの数がPCIe 4.0を上回ることが多いのは興味深いことです。この相違は、PCIe 3.0 のテストが 3 つの異なるチャネルシナリオ（短、中、長）を考慮する必要があるという事実から生じています。対照的に、PCIe 4.0 は主にロング・チャネル・シナリオのテストに重点を置いており、テスト・プロセスのある側面を簡素化する一方で、新たな課題を導入しています。
PCIe 3.0と4.0はどちらも「アイ・クロージャー」仕様と呼ばれることがありますが、これは伝送中に信号が劣化する現象を指す用語です。実用的な用語では、これは、完全に機能するトランスミッタと最小限のジッタがあっても、チャネルで発生する干渉によって信号の「目」（信号品質のグラフ表示）が閉じる可能性があることを意味します。PCIe 4.0 信号を正常に伝送できるかどうかは、この 「アイ 」を再び開くためのレシーバのイコライゼーション戦略の有効性にかかっている。16GT/秒をサポートするデバイスがリンクされる場合、接続プロセスには2つの異なるステップが含まれます：まず8GT/秒のリンクを確立し、成功した場合、希望の高速レートを達成するために追加のイコライゼーション・フェーズに進みます。
設計エンジニアやシステム・アーキテクトにとって、信号品質のばらつきに対するシステムの性能許容度を理解することは最も重要です。信号性能は異なるカード間で大きく異なる可能性があり、チャネル損失の増加、クロストーク、チャネル動作の不整合につながる不一致が生じる可能性があります。
2019年、PCIe 5.0の導入はPCIe規格の能力をさらに進化させ、128GBps（ギガバイト/秒）という驚異的なスループットを達成した。この新規格は全体的な性能を高めるだけでなく、シグナルインテグリティとビット誤り率（BER）制御も大幅に改善した。PCIe 5.0は、高速で信頼性の高いデータ転送を必要とする人工知能やハイパフォーマンス・コンピューティング（HPC）などの需要の高いアプリケーションに特に適しています。
重要なのは、PCIe 5.0が旧世代との下位互換性を維持しているため、メーカーとユーザーがスムーズに移行できることです。インテルは、Alder Lakeプラットフォームを皮切りに、PCIe 5.0サポートを自社のCPUに統合した最初の企業であり、この新しい規格の採用と活用に対する業界のコミットメントを示しています。
結論として、PCIe 3.0からPCIe 5.0へのPCI Express規格の進化は、データ伝送の高性能化、シグナルインテグリティの強化、複雑化の継続的な推進を示しています。エンジニアや設計者にとって、これらの変化を理解することは、特にカード・エッジ・コネクタと PCI Express コネクタに依存する設計を最適化する上で非常に重要です。より高速で信頼性の高いデータ伝送への需要が高まり続ける中、PCIe 規格の重要性は、コンピューティングとデジタル通信の未来を形作る上で、ますます顕著になっていくでしょう。
contact me :sales09@dghoyato.com
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
PCIE, PCIE slot, card edge connector, PCIE 4.0, PCIE 5.0, PCIE 6.0, PCIE7.0,PCIExpress Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.
