The host device (e.g., CPU) initiates a read/write request through the transaction layer and generates a TLP packet. The TLP packet carries the destination address, request type, and data load, and is transmitted down through the protocol stack layer by layer. The receiver unpacks the TLP packet, performs the corresponding operation and returns the result. Explore high-speed connectivity solutions, including PCIe 5.0 slots, card edge connectors, PCIe sockets, and PCI Express 7.0 components, at dghoyato.com.